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The Optical Society of Korea Code of Ethics

Science and technology have continuously contributed to the improvement of welfare and quality of life of human beings. The Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter, OSK) will contribute to the society through the development of science and technology, while conforming to the international standards and following academic ethical principles. In carrying out OSK activities, we require that all members comply with the basic norms and founding ethical spirit, as described in the followings.

I. Founding Spirit

1. We are dedicated to the study of science and technology for the welfare and betterment of individuals and groups, organizations and societies, and mankind.
2. We try our best to increase the expertise as a researcher and to create knowledge and technology necessary to the development of human society.
3. We contribute actively to the society by returning the benefits of research results and expertise.
4. We try to act honestly to everything in good faith to serve for the sake of humanity.
5. We do our best in order to enhance the authority and competitiveness as scientists and engineers.

II. Basic norms

1. While recognizing the value and ideals of progress of knowledge, we strive to creative research activity.
2. While maintaining the intellectual integrity, we respect the diversity and freedom of research.
3. When using the knowledge and skills, we consider welfare and well-being of the public as the highest priority.
4. We open new research results and expertise to the public and strive actively to inform the public of this by keeping close communication with the general public.
5. As a member of the community, we strive actively for environmental protection and healthy development of society.
6. In the midst of rapidly changing society, we try our best to be the bastion of conscience.
7. When presenting our opinions on social issues, we keep the scholarly elegance and manners.
8. We raise the issue of the public interests only in a way that is honest and objective.
9. In research and publication activities, we do not participate in misdemeanor such as misconducts, unethical copyright infringement, plagiarism, improper citation, and wrongful manipulation of data.
10 When reporting and applying research results, we fulfill the social and ethical responsibility that meets the academic conscience.
11 When distributing research achievements among peers, we respect the intellectual proprietary and copyright of fellow researchers.
12 We try to be careful so that individual behavior and personal statement would not be mistaken to represent that of OSK's.

Scientists and engineers, who want to keep the membership of OSK, must agree to comply with the Code of Ethics described above.
Enacted May 2007
Amended April 2012
The Optical Society of Korea

Code of Conduct for the Optical Society of Korea Publications

Preamble

The Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter, OSK) is an academic non-profit organization composed of professionals in optics and photonics to exchange academic achievements and to replenish them among members. Through such activities, OSK aims to motivate research efforts of members and to enhance the status of science and technology both domestically and internationally. In order to accomplish these goals, OSK publishes journals and magazines in English and Korean, and holds the sole responsibility for managing those publications.
In order to improve the quality of papers published by OSK, we find it necessary to establish a code of conducts for the members who are involved in publication processes. The authors, the editorial board members, and reviewers are to carry out their due activities associated with OSK publication on the basis of this code of conduct. The most basic principle of OSK publication policy is to write, review, and publish papers only based on pure academic motivation without any prejudice based on race, sex, religion, political belief, personal relationship, social status of the authors. All the members of OSK are to comply with the code of conduct listed below.

I. Author's mandates

1. The author shall describe the results, contents, and the importance of his/her research in a concise and accurate manner.
2. In a research paper, detailed descriptions shall be included so that other researchers can repeat the contents of the study. For this reason, numerical data must be presented in a way that can be compared with other studies.
3. The author should provide the exact sources of information and make it available to readers when he/she quote academic resources in public domain and previous research results. The information and materials acquired personally should not be used without the consent of the original researchers.
4. The authors should include all the relevant references except publicly accepted information, preliminary research that directed his/her own study, and illustrations to help readers' understanding.
5. Multiple submission of a paper with the same results to different journals at the same time is an obvious fraud and it is strictly prohibited. It should be avoided to split a single research result into separate segments and submit multiple papers, which degrades the quality of papers.
6. The authors should not take results of other researchers and turn them into his/her own paper, which is definite unethical plagiarism and is strictly prohibited in any case.
7. The author should not do any kind of copycat imitation and false fabrication in pursuing research activities including writing proposals, planning, and execution of research projects.
8. Researchers who made an important contribution and shared the responsibility and recognition of results may be listed as the co-authors. Anyone who did not contribute directly to research results shall not be listed as a co-author. Economic and administrative supports or personal academic communications should be acknowledged in a written form in the footnote or the acknowledgment.
9. Authors should try to avoid legal disputes of ownership and contracts occurred from the authors' publications. Formal approval by the parties of interests may be obtained if necessary.
10. If an important mistake has been found in the papers to be published, it is the duty of the author to correct it, or to withdraw the paper itself.
11. Authors will try to reflect the opinions of reviewers and the editorial board in the revision process. Authors shall present detailed reasons and rationale to the editorial board, if he/she disagrees with the reviews.
12. In the entire process of research and paper submission, authors are to be in compliance with relevant regulations, internationally accepted norms and the code of ethics. In addition, the authors should follow the general norms and values such as environmental protection, respect for human rights, code of life science ethics, and conservation of biological diversity.
13. If any fraud is found during the review process, it should be immediately reported to the OSK board of directors and the editorial board of the corresponding journal. The fraud will be announced in the journal and reported to Korea Research Foundation and related agencies. In addition, the author should retract the paper from the journal.
14. The person who has violated this code of conduct and general ethical principles in research shall have penalty period of less than three years, during which submission of papers as either corresponding author or co-author is prohibited and further measures can be taken such as membership suspension and deprivation. If similar violation occurs again, paper submission by the person is permanently denied, and if the person is a member of OSK, he/she may be permanently expelled from the society. Other related matters will be investigated in the research ethics committee.

II. Editorial board members' mandates

1. The members of editorial board will accept or reject the submitted papers and have the authority and responsibility for the editorial processes. By closely collaborating with fellow board members and reviewers, the editorial board members will try to ensure the quality and reliability of papers being reviewed.
2. The members of editorial board strive to review the paper in a fast and objective manner, and try not to delay the editorial process.
3. The members of editorial board request reviews to the appropriate peers who have well recognized experts in the related field and balanced objective viewpoints.
4. The members of editorial board shall not disclose the information of submitted papers and shall not use it in their own research.
5. The members of editorial board should not utilize the unique information carried directly or indirectly in the paper without consent of the authors.
6. In the case of conflict of interests, the members of editorial board should delegate the review responsibility to other members who are free from any conflicts with the paper
7. The members of editorial board have obligation and authority for supervision and monitoring of unethical behavior of authors and reviewers. If any misconduct has occurred, the members should report it to the editor-in-chief and appropriate measures should be taken.

III. Reviewer's mandates

1. The reviewers shall hold a fair attitude as much as possible in the review process, which is the most important step in the journal publication process.
2. Reviewers have a duty to evaluate the submitted paper in due time in good faith.
3. If the reviewer finds himself or herself inappropriate to evaluate the assigned paper, the reviewer should report this inappropriateness to the member of editorial board who requested the review as soon as possible.
4. The reviewers must handle the assigned paper in a secret manner to assure the confidentiality of the review process. When the review was made with the help of an expert other than reviewer himself or herself, this fact should be reported to the corresponding member of the editorial board. Before publication of the assigned paper, the reviewer shall not quote contents of the paper without the consent of the authors.
5. Reviewers are to respect the personality and independence of the author as a fellow researcher. The review statements shall include detailed reasons for revision, which will aid the author to fulfill the requirements of journal publication. The review statements should not include any form of offensive languages and should be written with a scholarly manner.
6. The reviewer should request for the author to correct inappropriate citations of prior reports and guide the author to include relevant citations as references in the paper. If reviewer finds any published papers in other journals similar to the assigned one, the reviewer shall notify it to the editorial board of the journal.
7. If the reviewer finds conflict of interests with the assigned paper, he or she should not further process the review and immediately return it to the member of editorial board so that other appropriate reviewer can be assigned.

Enacted October 2007
Amended April 2012
The Optical Society of Korea